If you prefer not to have an obvious administrative port for your iptables firewall – but do need a secret one – port knocking is an interesting option that can put off script-based attacks. For the ambitious but secretive admin, the tool of choice is Knockd [1].
The package includes two components: Knock is the client that sends knocking signals, which the Knockd daemon receives.
Knocking
To monitor the process, Knock, the knocking client, only needs the port number on which to knock and a -v option.
For example:
knock -v 10.0.0.42 7000 8000 9000
The tool responds immediately with the command-line output shown in Figure 1.
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Figure 1: If it recognizes the knock signal, the tool responds.
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The /etc/knockd.conf configuration file lets the system administrator specify the action the daemon performs when it receives a valid hit.
See Listing 1 for an example.
01 [options]
02 logfile = /var/log/knockd.log
03 [openSSH]
04 sequence = 7000,8000,9000
05 seq_timeout = 5
06 command = /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -s %IP% -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
07 tcpflags = syn
08 [closeSSH]
09 sequence = 9000,8000,7000
10 seq_timeout = 5
11 command = /sbin/iptables -D INPUT -s %IP% -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
12 tcpflags = syn
In a production environment, choose a more unusual port number, of course.
Morse Code for Fun and Profit
If it recognizes the signal, Knockd opens up port 22 for the requesting IP, which passes in its own IP (see Figure 2).
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Figure 2: The Knockd daemon uses iptables to open up port 22 for the requesting IP, but only if it recognizes the knock signal.
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If you knock on the ports in the wrong order, the daemon will shut down SSH access. Scatterbrained admins (like me) have another option – knockd.conf, which looks like this:
start_command = /usr/sbin/iptables -A INPUTU
-s %IP% -p tcp --syn --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
cmd_timeout = 10
stop_command = /usr/sbin/iptables -D INPUTU
-s %IP% -p tcp --syn --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
After knocking, the daemon launches start_command, then waits the number of minutes specified in cmd_timeout before executing stop_command.
Conclusion
Really paranoid system administrators will relish the option of configuring a file with a sequence of ports. Each sequence expires after use.
Charly Kühnast is a Unix operating system administrator at the Data Center in Moers, Germany. His tasks include firewall and DMZ security and availability. He divides his leisure time into hot, wet, and eastern sectors, where he enjoys cooking, fresh water aquariums, and learning Japanese, respectively.
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