Package maintenance at the command line
Command Line – Debian Goodies
Debian Goodies lets you manage and troubleshoot packages from the command line.
Many users of Debian or its derivatives are aware of only a handful of tools. When troubleshooting or searching for a package to install, most rely on the Debian web pages for each package. The more expert may use apt-cache
. However, these tools give limited information. For more demanding needs, a better alternative is Debian Goodies [1], a collection of small scripts that allow users to probe the details of packages without going through them file by file. First written and curated by Matt Zimmerman, Debian Goodies remain little known but can be equally useful for the casual user looking for a package, a sys admin troubleshooting packages, or a maintainer building a package. Perhaps their strongest feature is that, unlike the package web pages, Debian Goodies deliver results directly to the command line, without the need to switch windows.
dgrep and dglob
Searches can be useful for many purposes when you are troubleshooting packages. For instance, they can find what a package does, what the current package version is, or what programming language a package is written in. If all else fails, they can provide the name of the maintainer so that you can contact them. Both dgrep
and dglob
are in effect minor add-ons to already existing search tools, each of which deserves its own article. Here, there is only room for a general orientation.
By invoking the basic grep
command, dgrep
(Figure 1) searches for strings and regular expressions through installed packages. Similarly, degrep
invokes egrep
, dfgrep
invokes fgrep
, and dzgrep
invokes zgrep
. You can limit the search by specifying the packages to search within. The available options are the same as for grep
, except for those specific to directories (-r
, --recursive
, -d recurse
, --directories=recurse
, -d read
, --directories=read
) because dgrep
skips directories. In addition, symbolic links are not searched.
Providing a slightly different approach to searches than dgrep
, dglob
(Figure 2) searches installed package names by default. However, adding the -a
search broadens a search to include all available packages and omits package architectures if -A
is added as well. By contrast, -n
omits installed packages from the search. In addition, -f
lists all the files in matched packages. The use of both -a
and -n
can be further refined by the options for grep-dctrl(1)
and grep-aptavail(1)
. Similarly, -f
can be used with aptfile
's options.
Searches with dglob
can also be modified with:
--regex
(-rv
): Treats the entire search string as a regular expression--ignore-case
(-i
): Treats uppercase and lowercase letters the same--exact-match
(-X
): Gives only exact matches in results--invert-match
(-v
): Shows only results that do not match the search string
If these options are not enough, check the man pages of the commands that dgrep
and dglob
invoke.
debget
Primarily for developers rather than users, debget
(Figure 3) lets developers download a package for study and development into their present working directory. A particular version of a package can be downloaded by adding =VERSION
to the end of the package name.
dpigs
Similar to the top
command, dpigs
(Figure 4) lists the packages that take up the most space (instead of listing running applications). Like top
, dpigs
lists the largest memory hogs first. You can limit the number of items displayed with --lines=NUMBER
(-n=NUMBER
). Instead of package names, it can list package files with --status=FILES
(-s=FILES
). More detailed information about files can be displayed with --human-readable
(-H
).
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