The Sys Admin's Daily Grind: Etckeeper
Fountain of Youth
Configuration files change over the life of almost every Linux system, but not always for the better. Sometimes individual /etc files literally degenerate. Don't despair: You can restore a state from better days.
Etckeeper is part of many distributions and is otherwise available from GitHub [1]. Of course, Git also needs to be installed on the computer. Anyone who hasn't used Git on their system should configure a few fundamental settings:
git config --global user.name "Charly" git config --global user.email "charly@example.com" git config --global core.editor "vim"
Because I execute the etckeeper
and git
commands with sudo
, these settings prevent the root user from being entered as a committer.
Preserving Youth
To begin, I need to initialize the new repository, then I save all /etc
files in it for the first time:
cd /etc sudo etckeeper init sudo etckeeper commit "Initial etc commit"
Some distributions, such as Ubuntu, execute this step automatically when installing Etckeeper. In this case, I see output like:
> On branch master > nothing to commit, working directory clean
Sometimes I don't want all the data in /etc/
in the repository, so I tell Git which directories Etckeeper should ignore in the .gitignore
file right after the # end section [...] etckeeper
line:
# end section managed by etckeeper ghostscript/*
Now, however, all the data from /etc/
since the first commit is already in the repository, so I have to remove the undesired files manually:
sudo git rm -r --cached ghostscript/*
To demonstrate, I change a little something in /etc/postfix/main.cf
; in fact, sudo git status
shows that Git notices the difference when comparing the data with the repository (Figure 1). I can now check in the new version:
sudo git commit -a -m "main.cf changed"
An overview of all actions is provided with sudo git log
command:
commit9695e06a8175bd5cf485316f20d8fb 6d6fcc1e49 Author: Charly <charly@example.com> Date: Wed May 11 14:18:50 2016 +0200 main.cf changed
It's important to realize that this process implements versioning – there's no backup! Etckeeper and Git help you comprehend changes in configuration files and roll them back if necessary, but that's a lot for anyone who's configured something incorrectly.
Infos
- Etckeeper: https://github.com/joeyh/etckeeper
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