Breathe life back into your old Chromebook with GalliumOS
Recovery and Developer Mode
The keyboard shortcut Esc+F3+Power boots the Chromebook's recovery system; when you get there, pressing Ctrl+D – not displayed on the screen – boots into Developer mode. In the graphical login manager, log in as a guest and start a Chrome Shell (Crosh) with Ctrl+Alt+T. In a second browser tab, go to the MrChromebox [8] website, which provides the Chrome OS Device Firmware Utility Script (Listing 3), which can be downloaded using curl
at the Crosh terminal (Listing 3, first line). Then proceed to install and launch (second and third line).
Listing 3
Launching the Firmware Utility
$ curl -LO mrchromebox.tech/firmware-util.sh $ sudo install -Dt /usr/local/bin -m 755 firmware-util.sh $ sudo firmware-util.sh
The largely self-explanatory utility script (Listing 4) installs either a UEFI update or a stock recovery image for Chrome OS. Some dead devices can also be persuaded to cooperate again by pressing C (Clear UEFI NVRAM) (Figure 7). Again, caution is advised; only start the firmware update if you have the correct hardware specs as identified by the script. If the aluminum rice grain is still in the right place, the script shows the note Fw WP: Disabled
in the fifth line of the hardware information. Then it should run without any problems, including booting from the USB stick.
Listing 4
firmware-util.sh
#!/bin/bash # # This script offers provides the ability to update the # Legacy Boot payload, set boot options, and install # a custom coreboot firmware for supported # Chrome OS devices # # Created by Mr.Chromebox <mrchromebox@gmail.com> # # May be freely distributed and modified as needed, # as long as proper attribution is given. # #where the stuff is script_url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MrChromebox/scripts/master/" #ensure output of system tools in en-us for parsing export LC_ALL=C #set working dir]\ if cat /etc/lsb-release | grep "Chrom" > /dev/null 2>&1; then # needed for ChromeOS/ChromiumOS v82+ mkdir -p /usr/local/bin cd /usr/local/bin else cd /tmp fi #get support scripts echo -e "\nDownloading supporting files..." rm -rf firmware.sh >/dev/null 2>&1 rm -rf functions.sh >/dev/null 2>&1 rm -rf sources.sh >/dev/null 2>&1 curl -sLO ${script_url}firmware.sh rc0=$? curl -sLO ${script_url}functions.sh rc1=$? curl -sLO ${script_url}sources.sh rc2=$? if [[ $rc0 -ne 0 || $rc1 -ne 0 || $rc2 -ne 0 ]]; then echo -e "Error downloading one or more required files; cannot continue" exit 1 fi source ./sources.sh source ./firmware.sh source ./functions.sh #set working dir cd /tmp #do setup stuff prelim_setup [[ $? -ne 0 ]] && exit 1 #show menu menu_fwupdate

Testing and Installing Gallium
At this point, the paths with and without tinfoil meet up again; now the USB stick with GalliumOS, created earlier on, is used for booting. As with all modern Linuxes, you can see how things will work using a live system before an installation on the hard disk gives you the hard facts. This includes accessing the hard disk previously used by Chrome OS, although recovery mode has permanently deleted it for security reasons.
Anyone who decides to install GalliumOS on the hard disk will quickly find themselves at home in Ubuntu's default installer, Ubiquity. From then on, the Chromebook behaves like any other PC or laptop system. The advantage is that the Linux image is already adapted to the existing hardware, much like with Apple. Now, at last, assuming everything worked out, the aluminum rice grain has to be removed. From now on, the Chromebook will boot willingly from USB.
Xfce Desktop with HDMI Output
The Xfce desktop on GalliumOS (Figure 8) has everything a modern desktop needs. The layout and many settings are well tailored to the small display and low-powered hardware of the Acer.

Having said this, the start menu already has a surprising number of entries, for example, a separate menu item for GalliumOSUpdate – a link to a root shell that executes apt -qq update
(Figure 9). The -qq
parameter ensures that all output except error messages is suppressed.
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